How g-C3N4 Works and Is Different from TiO2 as an Environmental Photocatalyst: Mechanistic View

Abstract

Graphitic carbon nitride (CN) as a popular visible light photocatalyst needs to be better understood for environmental applications. The behaviors of CN as an environmental photocatalyst were systematically studied in comparison with a well-known TiO2 photocatalyst. The two photocatalysts exhibit different photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) behaviors and dependences on the experimental conditions (e.g., pH, Pt loading, and the kind of organic substrate and scavenger). The PCO of organic substrates was significantly enhanced by loading Pt on TiO2 under UV light (lambda > 320 nm), whereas Pt-CN exhibited a lower PCO activity than bare CN under visible light (lambda > 420 nm). While the presence of Pt enhances the charge separation in both TiO2/UV and CN/visible light systems (confirmed by transient IR absorption spectroscopic analysis), the opposite effects of Pt are ascribed to the different mechanisms of center dot OH generation in the two photocatalytic systems. The negative effect of Pt on CN is ascribed to the fact that Pt catalytically decomposes in situ-generated H2O2 (a main precursor of OH radical), which hinders center dot OH production. The production of OH radicals on CN is favored only at acidic pH but O-1(2) generation is dominant in alkaline pH. The pH-dependent behaviors of reactive oxygen species generation on CN were confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance spin trap measurements.