Development of the Single-Pulse XFEL Multiplexing Probe

Abstract

We have developed a multiplexing chamber that can be performed three different types of XFEL experiments – Coherent diffraction imaging, wide-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray emission spectroscopy. Each experimental technique provides valuable information on the matter. Nanometer-scale morphology, atomic arrangement and electronic structure, the three essential aspects of the matter, can be simultaneously analyzed with the aid of our multiplexing chamber. Developing a multiplexing chamber is an attempt to fully utilize XFEL single-pulse, thereby overcoming the limited time in XFEL environments and taking advantage of them. Commissioning of the first operation of our multiplexing chamber showed its performance in the simultaneous collection of SAXS, WAXS and emission data. We obtained these three kinds of data using Au, Fe_3 O_4 and TiO_2 nanoparticles with recognizing difficulties in measuring weak emission signals. We expect it would be the first step for the construction of a time-resolved multi-purpose probe fully utilizing a single pulse of XFEL. Sample delivery method is also considered that we set our developed aerosol injector on the multiplexing chamber, replacing the fixed target method setup. The sample hit rate was estimated through a commissioning experiment to take advantage of the tested sample delivery system.