A Nationwide Hydrogen Supply Chain Deployment Plan for a Short-term Hydrogen Supply Shortage

Abstract

A nationwide hydrogen supply chain deployment problem for mobility involves determining the sites and capacities of hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs), considering production, physical state, transportation, refueling, and demand. Short-term solutions entail on-site HRS installation to overcome supply shortages from existing facilities. To tackle this problem, we propose a two-stage optimization approach that includes demand and supply stages using mixed-integer linear programming models. In the demand stage, the optimal locations and capacities of HRSs are determined, along with demand allocation. In the supply stage, the installation of additional on-site production facilities for HRSs to be deployed and the supply allocation are determined. Realistic assumptions and high-resolution data are utilized to evaluate our proposed approach for 2025 and 2030.