Microstructural evolution of nanosized tungsten carbide during heatup stage of sintering of electroless nickel-coated nanostructured WC-Co powder

Abstract

In this research, microstructural evolution of nanosized tungsten carbide during heatup stage of sintering of a novel electroless nickel-coated nanostructured WC-Co powder was investigated. Toward this purpose, a mechanical milling process was executed on commercial microcrystalline WC-Co (mc-WC) to achieve nanostructured WC-Co (nc-WC) powder. Electroless nickel plating was performed on the asmilled powder to obtain nickel-coated nanostructured WC-Co (Ni/nc WC). The nc-WC and Ni/nc WC powders were subjected to cold-pressing in a uniaxial die followed by heatup stage of sintering from 25 degrees C to a temperature range of 1000-1300 degrees C under argon atmosphere. The microstructural characterizations were carried out by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), high resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (HR FESEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The ball milling process resulted in the formation of nc-WC powder containing nanosized WC with average grain size of similar to 15 nm. A uniform nickel layer with a thickness of <100 am was formed around Ni/nc WC particles through nickel plating. A two-step grain growth trend was observed during heatup of nc-WC: a slow grain growth step at temperatures <= 1000 degrees C, which led to WC grain size of similar to 76 nm, and a rapid step by heating to the temperature range of 1100-1300 degrees C which caused a substantial increase in WC grain size to similar to 925 am. In contrast, WC grain size in Ni/nc WC sample varied in the range of similar to 15-250 nm with temperature rising from 25 to 1300 degrees C representing about 72% reduction in WC grain size for Ni/nc WC compared to nc-WC. In case of nc-WC, surface faceting of nanosized WC occurred upon heating to <= 1000 degrees C; meanwhile, on heating to 1100-1300 degrees C, the coalescence mechanism was operative accounting for the rapid grain growth. As for Ni/nc WC, surface faceting of WC grains was greatly suppressed. This led to the retardation of the coalescence mechanism, making it possible to form ultrafine-grained Ni/nc WC material. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.