Left-handed lumped transmission lines and left-handed small impedance transformers

Abstract

Based on the concept that a left-handed transmission line section has a negative electrical length, two Pi-type lumped equivalent circuits are presented, and it is newly suggested that a low-pass filter type call be its lumped-equivalent circuit under a certain condition. Applying the negative electrical length concept to Smith chart, left-handed small impedance transformers are derived and two are validated by measurements, adding 180 degrees right-handed transmission lines to the impedance transformers. The measured results are in good agreements with predictions, showing that insertion and return losses are -0.23 and -22.5 dB, respectively. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.