Platinized WO3 as an Environmental Photocatalyst that Generates OH Radicals under Visible Light

Abstract

This study aims to understand the visible light photocatalytic activities of platinized WO3(Pt/WO3) on the degradation of aquatic pollutants and the role of main photooxidants. The presence of Pt on WO3 is known to facilitate the multielectron reduction of O-2, which enables O-2 to serve as an electron acceptor despite the insufficient reduction potential of the conduction band electrons (in WO3) for the one-electron reduction of O-2. The concurrent oxidative reactions occurring on WO3 were markedly enhanced in the presence of Pt and accompanied the production of OH radicals under visible light, which was confirmed by both a fluorescence method (using a chemical trap) and a spin trap method. The generation of OH radicals mainly comes from the reductive decomposition of H2O2 that is produced in situ from the reduction of O-2 on Pt/WO3. The rate of in situ production of H2O2 under visible light was significantly faster with Pt/WO3 than WO3. Six substrates that were tested for the visible light (lambda > 420 nm) induced degradation on Pt/WO3 included dichloroacetate (DCA), 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), tetramethylammonium (TMA), arsenite (As(111)), methylene blue (MB), and acid orange 7 (A07). The degradation (or conversion) of all six substrates was successfully achieved with Pt/WO3 and the role of OH radicals in Pt/WO3 photocatalysis seemed to be different depending on the kind of substrate. In the presence of tert-butyl alcohol (TBA: OH radical scavenger), the photocatalytic degradation was markedly reduced for 4-CP or completely inhibited for DCA and TMA whereas that of As(III), MB, and A07 was little affected. Pt/WO3 photocatalyst that oxidizes various substrates under visible light with a sufficient photostability can be applied for solar water treatment.