Study of sintering behavior of PAN–PZT using dilatometry and co-relation with piezoelectric properties

Abstract

The sintering behavior of Pb(Al0.5Nb0.5)O-3-Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O-3 (PAN-PZT) ceramics was investigated. The sintering process of PAN-PZT was divided into four stages based on the amount of in-situ linear shrinkage: (Stage 1) initial stage at sintering temperature RT < T-s <= to 770 degrees C, (Stage 2) perovskite formation stage at 770 <= T-s <= 990 degrees C, (Stage 3) densification stage at 990 <= T-s <= 1265 degrees C and (Stage 4) Pb-loss stage at T-s > 1265 degrees C. During stage 1, heating of PAN-PZT compact did not cause structural changes except the thermal expansion. During stage 2, the PZT-perovskite structure was formed by rearrangement of crystals. During stage 3, the specimen was rapidly densified with two peaks of strain rate. During stage 4, Pb was volatilized and this loss resulted in sudden increase of shrinkage. On analyzing the sintering stages, the optimized sintering conditions were considered as 1250 degrees C just before of Pb-loss stage. The effects of T-s on the crystal structure, microstructure and the piezoelectric performance were analyzed and documented. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.