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MULTIFOCAL MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPY BASED ON MULTIANODE PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES SCIE SCOPUS

Title
MULTIFOCAL MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPY BASED ON MULTIANODE PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBES
Authors
Kim, KHBuehler, CBahlmann, KRagan, TLee, WCANedivi, EHeffer, ELFantini, SSo, PTC
Date Issued
2007-09-03
Publisher
OPTICAL SOC AMER
Abstract
Multifocal multiphoton microscopy (MMM) enhances imaging speed by parallelization. It is not well understood why the imaging depth of MMM is significantly shorter than conventional single-focus multiphoton microscopy (SMM). In this report, we show that the need for spatially resolved detectors in MMM results in a system that is more sensitive to the scattering of emission photons with reduced imaging depth. For imaging depths down to twice the scattering mean free path length of emission photons (2 x l(s)(em)), the emission point spread function (PSFem) is found to consist of a narrow, diffraction limited distribution from ballistic emission photons and a broad, relatively low amplitude distribution from scattered photons. Since the scattered photon distribution is approximately 100 times wider than that of the unscattered photons at 2 x l(s)(em), image contrast and depth are degraded without compromising resolution. To overcome the imaging depth limitation of MMM, we present a new design that replaces CCD cameras with multi-anode photomultiplier tubes (MAPMTs) allowing more efficient collection of scattered emission photons. We demonstrate that MAPMT-based MMM has imaging depth comparable to SMM with equivalent sensitivity by imaging tissue phantoms, ex vivo human skin specimens based on endogenous fluorophores, and green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing neurons in mouse brain slices. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America.
Keywords
POINT-SPREAD FUNCTIONS; 2-PHOTON MICROSCOPY; IN-VIVO; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; TEMPORAL DISPERSION; SCATTERING MEDIA; SINGLE-PHOTON; HUMAN SKIN; HIGH-SPEED; TISSUE
URI
https://oasis.postech.ac.kr/handle/2014.oak/28737
DOI
10.1364/OE.15.011658
ISSN
1094-4087
Article Type
Article
Citation
OPTICS EXPRESS, vol. 15, no. 18, page. 11658 - 11678, 2007-09-03
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김기현KIM, KI HEAN
Dept of Mechanical Enginrg
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